CI/CD

CI (Continuous Integration) means developers merge code changes into a shared repository frequently — at least daily. Each merge triggers automated builds and tests, catching integration issues early. CD can mean Continuous Delivery (code is always in a deployable state, requiring manual approval to release) or Continuous Deployment (every change that passes tests is automatically deployed to production). CI/CD pipelines typically include stages for build, unit test, integration test, security scan, staging deployment, and production deployment. Tools like Jenkins, GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, and Azure DevOps automate these pipelines.